Carbon Fixation Gradients across Spinach Leaves Do Not Follow Internal Light Gradients.

Dobutamine-induced midcavitary gradients do not cause dyspnea

Introduction Left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) and midcavitary gradients are common during dobutamine stress echocardiography. Some consider these gradients to be of no clinical significance. However, severe dobutamine-induced obstruction has been associated with chest pain and dyspnea, abnormalities in ventricular wall motion, and shock. These associations suggest that dobutamine-induced g...

Meridional Density Gradients Do Not Control the Atlantic Overturning Circulation

A wide body of modeling and theoretical scaling studies support the concept that changes to the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC), whether forced by winds or buoyancy fluxes, can be understood in terms of a simple causative relation between the AMOC and an appropriately defined meridional density gradient (MDG). The MDG is supposed to translate directly into a meridional pressu...

Elevated CO 2 concentration has independent effects on expansion rates and thickness of soybean leaves across light and nitrogen gradients

Introduction The rate and extent of leaf thickness and area Leaves which develop at elevated CO2 concentrations are development are important determinants of whole often thicker than those on ambient 2 plants. In a plant photosynthetic capacity. The interactive effects study of four Populus clones, Radoglou and Jarvis (1990) of photon flux density (PFD), nitrogen supply and CO 2 found increases...

Amphibian species richness across environmental gradients

Large-scale field patterns are a fundamental source of inferences on processes responsible for variation in species richness among habitats. We examined species richness of larval amphibian communities in 37 ponds over seven years on the Univ. of Michigan’s E. S. George Reserve. Ordination of the community incidence matrix indicated a strong major axis of variation in species associations that ...

PRELIMINARY AND INCOMPLETE – PLEASE DO NOT CITE Can Educational Gradients in Smoking and Obesity Explain Educational Gradients in Mortality?